Laplace transforms

Laplace transforms Laplace Transforms – Motivation convenience – differential eqns become algebraic eqns. – easy to handle time delays – frequency response analysis to determine how the system responds to oscillating inputs Block Diagram Algebra – doing math with pictures – arithmetic for manipulating dynamic components using boxes and arrows Laplace Transform – Review Given a function f(t) Notes f(t) defined for t from 0 to infinity f(t) suitably â€Å"well-behaved† – piecewise continuous, integrable Linearity of Laplace Transforms the Laplace transform is a linear operation we will use Laplace transforms to analyze linear dynamic systems if our models arent linear, then we will linearize Useful Laplace Transforms for Process Control We need a small library of Laplace transforms for – differentiation – step input – pulse/impulse functions – exponentials – oscillating functions because these are common functions that we will encounter in our equations Lets think about a simple linear differential equation example: with V and F as constants Library of Useful Transforms differentiation – initial conditions disappear if we use deviation variables that are zero at an in initial steady state unit step function (Heaviside fn.) Library of Transforms exponential – exponentials appear in solutions of differential equations  » a provides information about the speed of the response when the input changes. If a is a large negative number, the exponential decays to zero quickly  » What happens if a is positive? – After we have done some algebra to find a solution to our ODEs in the Laplace domain, we must invert the Laplace transform if we want to get a solution in the time domain. We sometimes use partial fraction expansion to express the Laplace expressions in a form that can be easily inverted. CSTR Example Transform Model (in deviation variables) using our library of transforms, the Laplace transform of the model is: For a step change in feed concentration at time zero starting from steady state. Tank Example Solution Solve for CA(s) If we like, we can rearrange to the form: This is the solution in the Laplace domain. To find the solution in the time domain, we must invert the Laplace transforms CSTR Example Solution inverse Laplace transform – Can be determined using a complex integral easiest approach is â€Å"table lookup† Use Table 4-1, entry 5 Maple is good at inverting Laplace transforms too The Impulse Function limit of the pulse function (with unit area) as the width goes to zero and height becomes infinite transform CSTR Impulse Response physically dump some pure A into reactor, all at once input function Transform time response Interpretation of Impulse Response dump a bag of reactant into the reactor in a very very short time we see an instantaneous jump to a new concentration due to the impulse input concentration then decays back to the original steady-state concentration Time-Shifted Functions Representation of Delays Laplace transform for function with time delay Just pre-multiply by an exponential. How could we prove this? – change of variables in integration in expression for Laplace Transform (see p. 103 of Marlin, p. 115 in first ed.) Reactor Example with Time Delay Suppose we add a long length of pipe to feed – assume plug flow – It will take a time period, q minutes, before the change in concentration reaches the tank, and begins to influence cA – delay differential equation  » difficult to solve directly in time domain  » easy to solve with Laplace transforms Tank Example with Time Delay – Solutionresponse to step input in cA0 time response Final Value Theorem An easy way to find out what happens to the output variable if we wait a long time. We dont have to invert the Laplace transform! Why is it true? – Consider the Laplace transform of a time derivative now let s approach zero provided dy/dt isnt infinite between t=0 and t ®Ã‚ ¥ (i.e y(t) is STABLE) This will be true if Y(s) is continuous for s ³0 Using the Final Value Theorem Step Response Reactor example final value after a step input What can we do with Laplace Transforms so far. Take Laplace transforms of linear ODEs (in deviation variables). Substitute Laplace transform expressions for different kinds of inputs we are interested in: – Steps, pulses, impulses (even with dead time) Solve for the output variable in terms of s. Invert the Laplace transform using Table 4.1 to get the solution in the time domain. Find the final steady state value of the output variable, for a particular input change, even without inverting the Laplace transform. Laplace transforms are mostly used by control engineers who want to determine and analyze transfer functions. compact way of expressing process dynamics relates input to output p(s), q(s) polynomials in s – q(s) will also contain exponentials if time delay is present Once we know the transfer function of the process, we can use it to find out how the process responds to different types of input changes:

Generations of Computer Essay

The development of the integrated circuit was the hallmark of the third generation of computers. Transistors were miniaturized and placed on silicon chips, called semiconductors, which drastically increased the speed and efficiency of computers. A chip is a small piece of semi conducting material(usually silicon) on which an integrated circuit is embedded. A typical chip is less than  ¼-square inches and can contain millions of electronic components(transistors). Computers consist of many chips placed on electronic boards called printed circuit boards. There are different types of chips. For example, CPU chips (also called microprocessors) contain an entire processing unit, whereas memory chips contain blank memory. Computer chips, both for CPU and memory, are composed of semiconductor materials. Semiconductors make it possible to miniaturize electronic components, such as transistors. Not only does miniaturization mean that the components take up less space, it also means that they are faster and require less energy. Instead of punched cards and printouts, users interacted with third generation computers through keyboards and monitors and interfaced with an operating system, which allowed the device to run many different applications at one time with a central program that monitored the memory. Computers for the first time became accessible to a mass audience because they were smaller and cheaper than their predecessors. Fourth Generation – 1971-Present: Microprocessors The microprocessor brought the fourth generation of computers, as thousands of integrated circuits we rebuilt onto a single silicon chip. A silicon chip that contains a CPU. In the world of personal computers, the terms microprocessor and CPU are used interchangeably. At the heart of all personal computers and most workstations sits a microprocessor. Microprocessors also control the logic of almost all digital devices, from clock radios to fuel-injection systems for automobiles. Three basic characteristics differentiate microprocessors: * Instruction Set: The set of instructions that the microprocessor can execute. * Bandwidth: The number of bits processed in a single instruction. * Clock Speed: Given in megahertz (MHz), the clock speed determines how many instructions per second the processor can execute. In both cases, the higher the value, the more powerful the CPU. For example, a 32-bit microprocessor that runs at 50MHz is more powerful than a 16-bitmicroprocessor that runs at 25MHz. The CPU is the brains of the computer. Sometimes referred to simply as the processor or central processor, the CPU is where most calculations take place. In terms of computing power, the CPU is the most important element of a computer system. On large machines, CPUs require one or more printed circuit boards. On personal computers and small workstations, the CPU is housed in a single chip called a microprocessor. Two typical components of a CPU are: * The arithmetic logic unit (ALU), which performs arithmetic and logical operations. * The control unit, which extracts instructions from memory and decodes and executes them, calling on the ALU when necessary. In 1981 IBM introduced its first computer for the home user, and in 1984 Apple introduced the Macintosh. Microprocessors also moved out of the realm of desktop computers and into many areas of life as more and more everyday products began to use microprocessors. As these small computers became more powerful, they could be linked together to form networks, which eventually led to the development of the Internet. Fourth generation computers also saw the development of GUI’s, the mouse and handheld devices. Fifth Generation – Present and Beyond: Artificial Intelligence Fifth generation computing devices, based on artificial intelligence, are still in development, though there are some applications, such as voice recognition, that are being used today. Artificial Intelligence is the branch of computer science concerned with making computers behave like humans. The term was coined in 1956 by John McCarthy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Artificial intelligence includes: * Games Playing: programming computers to play games such as chess and checkers * Expert Systems: programming computers to make decisions in real-life situations (for example, some expert systems help doctors diagnose diseases based on symptoms) * Natural Language: programming computers to understand natural human languages * Neural Networks: Systems that simulate intelligence by attempting to reproduce the types of physical connections that occur in animal brains * Robotics: programming computers to see and hear and react to other sensory stimuli Currently, no computers exhibit full artificial intelligence (that is, are able to simulate human behavior). The greatest advances have occurred in the field of games playing. The best computer chess programs are now capable of beating humans. In May, 1997, an IBM super-computer called Deep Blue defeated world chess champion Gary Kasparov in a chess match. In the area of robotics, computers are now widely used in assembly plants, but they are capable only of very limited tasks. Robots have great difficulty identifying objects based on appearance or feel, and they still move and handle objects clumsily. Natural-language processing offers the greatest potential rewards because it would allow people to interact with computers without needing any specialized knowledge. You could simply walk up to a computer and talk to it. Unfortunately, programming computers to understand natural languages has proved to be more difficult than originally thought. Some rudimentary translation systems that translate from one human language to another are in existence, but they are not nearly as good as human translators. There are also voice recognition systems that can convert spoken sounds into written words, but they do not understand what they are writing; they simply take dictation. Even these systems are quite limited — you must speak slowly and distinctly. Today, the hottest area of artificial intelligence is neural networks, which are proving successful in a number of disciplines such as voice recognition and artificial intelligence.

Money For The Future College - 955 Words

Money For The Future Many say that education is a right, not a privilege. Others may argue that education, especially higher education like college, is a privilege. Everyone is entitled to an education, but what is holding a lot of students back is their financial situation. The cost of college education is getting out of hand; its prices are alarming, leaving students with little ways to pay for it, in the dust. The unfortunate reality of students dealing with debt is a fear-mongering tactic used so that students sike themselves out and never attend college. This harsh reality applies to many students who have to pay for their college expenses out of pocket, unlike the lucky few who attend accredited four-year colleges with the money of their financially stable parents. According to the essay Is College Tuition a Sound Investment, college is not only time consuming, but expensive. Its prices are rising higher and higher every single year, costing students roughly 15,000 dollars a ye ar for tuition and room and board. Some say that these prices are priced fairly and by doing so it creates competition between colleges around the nation to attract students to the commodities that these colleges offer. Though expensive, there is always financial aid and scholarships available to anyone who needs it. The author states that some colleges are expensive because of the different luxuries they offer which includes the high quality of education provided, which is inevitablyShow MoreRelatedCollege Education Essay1257 Words   |  6 PagesComparing between college education and the other secondary things we need in life, mostly education comes at the first. Many high school students know pretty much everything about how much college education is essential in their life and many students want to have college education. But, to achieve something, one must work very hard and go through all the obstacles that comes on the way. The increasing cost of college degree has made stu dents harder to achieve college degree. College education is neededRead MoreCollege Athletes Should Be Paid For Their Participation1056 Words   |  5 Pagesdebate whether college athletes should get paid for their participation in a sport. I believe that college athlete should get paid. College athletes are taken advantage of in college athletics and deserve to be paid for their time, hard work, and dedication in a sport. College athletics are growing very fast and they are beginning to bring in more money. The highest revenue by a college right now is $196,030,398 by the University of Oregon. College athletes are not seeing any of this money they are earningRead MoreWhat Makes A College Education Worth It?982 Words   |  4 PagesI am a freshman in college and I like to believe that I am going to school to better myself and the world around me. Unfortunately, many people only go to college for the substantial pay raise that a college education provides (averaging about double). What makes a college education worth it? What do we learn in college that is worth thousands of dollars and the long hours of sleepless nights? As a college student I very often feel that college is indigestible, the information we consume is merelyRead MoreAn Analysis On Financial Struggles1122 Words   |  5 PagesCollege Admissions: An Analysis on Financial Struggles As inflation in the United States continues to rise, as does the cost of many things, specifically college fees. In a world such as the one we live in today, it is extremely hard to attain a successful career without a college degree. Although, one may end up spending their entire life trying to pay off their college debts in order to get a degree. While the knowledge and skills attained during college are extremely beneficial later on in lifeRead MoreCollege: A Path Towards Money Or Education. College Is1434 Words   |  6 PagesCollege: A Path Towards Money Or Education College is an experience that can sometimes be taken for granted. Students either focus on the academic side their education or they go to college for the long run which usually involves their future financial lives. It can be argued that students should not focus on how much money they are going to make after college due to the fact that it takes away from their academic education. Knowledge is a very important tool in our academic education and with enoughRead MoreStudents Should Start Planning For College At The Beginning Of High School1443 Words   |  6 Pagesstudent leaves college with an average of $35,000 of debt. With this debt, students have to put off major life decisions such as starting a family or buying a house, for the reason that their debt has accumulated from their college years (Protective). Parent’s advocacy and smart money planning in earlier years, students could overcome the amount of college debt. Students should start planning for college at the beginning of their high school career. When it comes time to decide upon a college, studentsRead MoreCollege Education Is Worth All That Money896 Words   |  4 Pagesfind it hard to believe it (college) is really worth all that money. (Money Pro). Many people believe that the debt from college is a deal breaker. It seems that the many positive impacts a college education has gets over shadowed by a small negative. Having a higher education can create numerous opportunities through out ones life. The community and country as a whole gain benefits when more people have a higher level of education. 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Essay on Accommodating Religion in the Workplace - 977 Words

The circumstances, images and fallout related to September 11, 2001 have caused many Americans to revisit their spiritual beliefs in attempt to process the horrific events of such an unimaginable day (Smith, 2003). In the years since the Fall of 2001, employees have developed an increasing desire to integrate their personal spirituality and religious beliefs with their professional lives (Cunningham, 2010). Managers are now faced with the difficult task of accommodating the varying spiritual beliefs of their workforce while tactfully mitigating religion-based issues in accordance with Title VII. Food Consumption When Maya failed to consume the majority of her dish after announcing her hunger at a recent business luncheon with†¦show more content†¦If Maya’s coworkers find her behavior so concerning that they want to peruse a conversation about it, they should look to have a brief discussion in private. If Maya elects not to delve into the rational behind her behavior, the coworkers will have no choice but to move on from the situation. Food Consumption in the Workplace From Ash Wednesday to Easter Sunday, the Catholic religion observes Lent, which is marked by many religious practices including self-denial. During this period management and coworkers may experience their peers choosing not to consume sweets, junk food, coffee or alcohol. Management should be prepared at this time to field questions or concerns related to the behavior of employees observing Lent if they choose not to participate, for example, in employee activities such as the morning coffee run or afterhours happy hour. Sunday Teambuilding After Jenny declined to be part of her new department’s softball team despite her colligate softball success, many coworkers characterized her as not being a team player without considering the rationale behind her decision. Jenny’s choice not to participate on the department’s softball team may have resulted from a religious belief that prohibits her from work-related events on Sunday’s, routine attendance at religious services offered on Sundays, enrollment in weekend educational courses, family obligations, a concern about meeting the teams performance expectations or injuryShow MoreRelatedReligious Freedom in the Workplace640 Words   |  3 Pagesreligiously diverse countries in the world. The founding fathers of the United States wanted to ensure that its people would have the ability to practice their religion with no threat of persecution. In order to accomplish the goal of religious freedom and continue to ensure that all peopl e of any religion would be free to practice their religion, the United States passed Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 that prohibits an employer from discriminating based on the religious views of its employeesRead MoreRetail Clothing Store, Abercrombie And Fitch906 Words   |  4 PagesRuling, 2015). Had this Act not been in place for over forty years, Elauf most likely would have not been able to do anything about being discriminated. As I read the details of her case, the idea of discrimination against a Accommodating Religious Practices in the Global Workplace 4 Muslim immediately came through my mind because of the heavy state of alert some American’s have when it comes to Muslims. I prefer to call it a fear of the unknown and bigotry. Of course, there are actually reasons a companyRead MoreReligion and the Workplace743 Words   |  3 Pagesof the Problem Religion is becoming an important issue when it comes to diversity in organizations. Employers are either accommodating the increase in this diversity by creating groups within the organization or they realize it is there and are not troubled by it, but are not creating these resource groups. As the diversity of religion grows complaints to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission grow as well. What is behind the complaints and what is the EEOC doing to help religion? BackgroundRead MoreCanadian Human Rights Case Study735 Words   |  3 Pagesto name a few.    It is important to recognize the prohibited grounds of discrimination stated in legislation. Within the Canadian Human Rights Act, section 3(1) the prohibited grounds of discrimination are race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, family status, genetic characteristics, disability and conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has beenRead MoreQuestions On Dealing With Conflict953 Words   |  4 Pages Gregory Long February 23, 2016 MG 5017 (Program Management) Dr. Dave Clapp Dealing with Conflict Introduction Conflict in the workplace can and will happen. Dealing with different people that come from different backgrounds with different ideas and thoughts, it’s inevitable that conflict will occur. Conflicts, however, if handled in the early stages can be resolved. Conflicts exist in almost every organization and to a certain degree can be viewed as a healthy exchange of creativityRead MoreSex Marriage License Does Not Violate The Lemon Test1084 Words   |  5 Pages © Entanglement with religion: A public official allowing the deputy clerk to sign a same-sex marriage license does not violate the â€Å"Lemon Test†. However, making adherence to a religion can prohibit religion. Justice O’Connor concurred, that the Establishment Clause can prohibit in two principle ways and â€Å"One is excessive *688 entanglement with religious institutions, which may interfere with the independence of the institutions, give the institutions access to government or governmentalRead MoreFreedom Of Speech At Workplace768 Words   |  4 PagesFreedom of Speech at Workplace Introduction Everyone is born free in this world and those are only the situations in which they are born, that make one slave or the ruler. In spite of social status and the economic standing of a being everyone wants and should be allowed to express their views, feelings and ideas. It is in nature of humans to experience the wonders of the world and to have the urge to observe and think about the wonders and express the ideas in a certain ways. Another thing thatRead MoreEthical Issues in Human Resource Management Strategies936 Words   |  4 Pagesas ethics. HRM strategies should guide employees on their workplace behavior. These strategies show the organizations expectations of its employees in regards to ethical issues. Some of the ethical issues are discrimination, harassment, conflict of interest, workplace diversity, and privacy. Discrimination An organization should make sure that its HRM strategy does not discriminate against one because of their gender, race, age, religion, culture, or disability. There are laws that ensure a personRead MoreWhen People Think Of Discrimination, They Tend To Think1254 Words   |  6 Pagesunderdeveloped country. Sadly, discrimination actual plays a large role in the workplace of today. Discrimination is defined as â€Å"treating a person or particular group of people differently, especially in a worse way from the way in which you treat other people, because of their skin color, sex, sexuality, etc.† according to the Cambridge Dictionary (Cambridge University Press 1). Discrimination comes in many different forms in the workplace and this report will cover those forms as well as what to do in a situationRead More Religion and Spirituality in the Workplace Essay1350 Words   |  6 PagesReligion and Spirituality in the Workplace Faith in the workplace and the level of accommodations employers should allow is an increasing problem. Moreover, the influx of people from different backgrounds bringing with them different religious practices has caused organizations to seek help from organizations such as the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), the courts, and legal firms on how to deal with this new reality. Thus, the complexities surrounding religion and spirituality

The American Dream The Myth Of The American Dream

The Myth of The American Dream Over the years immigrants have come to America in hopes of achieving their dreams and finding success. But is America really what it’s thought to be? Can their American dream become a reality? Everyone in America has the dream of achieving success and wealth through their own hard work and determination. But due to the vicious cycle of poverty most are unable to achieve their American Dream. The cycle of poverty in America is affected by many factors including racism, high cost of living, education, and mental disability/illness. Inequality in America, has existed since the creation of this nation. We have seen examples of inequality in great literary works like John Steinbeck’s Of Mice and†¦show more content†¦The unemployment statistic for African Americans during the same period was 8.4% significantly higher than caucasians (Bureau). The high cost of living in the United States contributes to why the poor in America canà ¢â‚¬â„¢t ever seem to escape their financial predicament. The United States government has compiled statistics that reveal that the average family of four in the United States need a minimum of $65,000 a year to pay their bills and â€Å"make ends meet†. This is difficult to obtain for many people especially those who make minimum wage and earn only about $20,000 a year. The high cost of living is compounded by where people live. People who live in major cities like Washington D.C. where the average family of four needs $106,000 a year to stay above the poverty line (Imbert). Even with two parents working minimum wage jobs most working poor can not escape the vicious cycle of poverty as each year the cost of living increases faster than do their wages. The vicious cycle of poverty has been an ongoing struggle but this struggle seems to affect minorities in the United States even more. According to the U.S. Department of Commerce over 67 million people in the United States receive government assistance. That statistic means that over 22% of the U.S population is being assisted in some way to â€Å"make ends meet†. In 2016 the Commerce Department states that 16.8% of those on public assistance where white, while 39.6% ofShow MoreRelatedThe Myth of the American Dream1269 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿THE MYTH OF THE AMERICAN DREAM A Raisin in the Sun is a play written by Lorraine Hansberry in the period following the Second World War. It is divided into three acts and explores the circumstances of the Younger family, a colored family living in the ghettos of southern Chicago. In particular, the play deals with the efforts of Walter Lee, the scion of the family to bring his family out of poverty and into riches by entering into a business venture. The play highlights the psychological and societalRead MoreThe Myth of the American Dream Essay2137 Words   |  9 Pagesto experience the freedom and equality our government lays claim to. At the root of this reputation is the American Dream, the belief that with hard work anyone can succeed based solely on his or her merits. While definitions of success vary, the American Dream defines it as the ability to become a self-made man, thereby rising to a more-than-comfortable state of living. The American Dream is believed to be blind to race, sex, or socio-economic sta tus and at a first glance, seems to be almost UtopianRead MoreIs The American Dream Only A Myth? Essay1254 Words   |  6 PagesIs the American Dream Only a Myth? America is known as a country full of opportunity and freedom, where anybody can come and have a fair chance at achieving the desired goal commonly referred to as â€Å"The American Dream.† James Truslow Adams describes The American Dream as a â€Å"Dream of a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement† (Adams 214-215). Certain people, however, more easily achieve this Dream than othersRead MoreIs The American Dream Just A Myth? Essay2210 Words   |  9 Pages2016 Is the American Dream Just a Myth? Over the years this belief has changed its meaning to describe the United States as a land of equal opportunities. Through the American Dream, all men are equal to pursue their dreams and opportunities through hard work by being presented with an equal opportunity. This belief, therefore, means that if Americans work hard to achieve what they want, then they can get it. However, in the past few decades, the American Dream has grown to become a myth since AmericanRead MoreTortilla Curtain: the Myth of the American Dream1253 Words   |  6 Pagesimages of well off middle-class families, shown alongside multiple cars and a large house that is filled with shining appliances and cupboards full of food. For hopeful immigrants to the United States, these images conjure the widespread myth of the American Dream. Immigrants believe that upon entry into the States, they will obtain prosperity through hard work and determination. The expression was first used in the beginning of the twentieth century when America was in an economic peak. MillionsRead MoreThe American Dream Myth : Anastasia And Anastasia1422 Words   |  6 Pagesinheritance, wealth, and assets. The power associated with social class affects how one operates in life when it comes to making decisions and motives for committing actions. A childhood motion picture that depicts this idea is Anastasia. Anastasia is an American produced, fictional musical loosely based off of the Russian Empire Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna Romanova. Anastasia follows the orphaned Grand Duchess Anya, who suffers from retrograde amnesia, on her quest to find her family. She is joinedRead MoreThe Myth of the American Dream Exposed in Death of a Salesman1218 Words   |  5 Pagestotalitarianism and the American Dream. Throughout the piece, Miller uses his voice of conscience and passion for the purpose of exposing the truth about the concepts. Using the perspective of Willy, a fictional, working class citizen, Miller picks apart the myth of the American Dream, exploring topics such as abandonment, betrayal, family dynamics, and using interesting symbolism along the way. With reckless abandon, Willy believes in the idea of the American Dream. In fact, thats a bitRead More Myths of the American Dream Exposed in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman828 Words   |  4 PagesMyths of the American Dream Exposed in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman    Willy Loman, the lead character of Miller’s play, Death of a Salesman, believes in the myths of the capitalistic society(DiYanni 412). This essay will examine the impact of the capitalistic myths on Willy Lowman.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Willy believes in the myth that popularity and physical appearance are the keys that unlock the door to the â€Å"American Dream†. We are first introduced to the importance of popularity and physicalRead MoreThe Myth of Individualism1209 Words   |  5 PagesThe Myth of Individualism America is famous for the reputation of being the land of opportunity, and for generations immigrants have fled to the United States to experience the freedom and equality our government lays claim to. The fundamental of this reputation is the American Dream, the belief that life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each by hard working regardless of social class or circumstances of birth(by James Truslow Adams). The American DreamRead MoreThe Idea of the â€Å"American Dream†1101 Words   |  5 PagesThe American Dream Final Exam By: Uday Govindswamy Period 2 The idea of the â€Å"American Dream† was first used in the book The Epic of America, written by James Truslow Adams, in 1931. Adams stated that the American Dream is, â€Å"the dream of a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement†¦(31) â€Å". The key elements of the American Dream include: access to a college education, owning a home, enjoying political

Starbucks Going Global Free Essays

â€Å"Starbucks – Going Global Fast. † I. Saturation of Home market and existence of Foreign Untapped markets Starbucks is a well respected brand of coffee that is known globally. We will write a custom essay sample on Starbucks Going Global or any similar topic only for you Order Now As they dominate the market in United States, they have realized the potential growth in overseas markets and open its doors to going global. However, competing internationally is not easy for every company that’s why Starbucks has encountered certain challenges and issues as it enters foreign markets and grows globally. II. Problems Major Problems: Employee Discontent Employee discontent is very far from the image that Starbucks obtains or would like to uphold. Dissatisfied employees could greatly affect the service that they provide to the customers. The company is focused on enthusiastic, happy baristas and friendly service. If employee morale dropped it could have an extremely negative effect on Starbucks’ image and sales as well. As stated in the case, 470 California stores sued Starbucks for refusing to pay legally mandated overtime pay. This is due to overworked and underappreciated workers. The salary Starbucks provide doesn’t match the workload that is required by the company. The employees, especially the store managers feel exhausted and employee morale goes down. The employees are feeling less connected with the company mission and it affects the quality of service and products that they provide. Local challenges in Foreign Market Entry The influence of economic and political environment to its entry and operation in foreign countries is one of the challenges it faces. As Starbucks continue to open up stores in foreign markets, it also faces different challenges as local imitators try to steal market share. In Japan, they expect loss for the full year. Aside from local competitors offering products with the same price, the economic depression in Japan affected the customer’s income and buying behaviour. As a result the company is losing rather than gaining profit due to coffee pricing. In addition to political environment, Starbucks need to adapt into France’s regulations and generous labour benefits which is legal and compulsory for them to enter the market. Another problem is the entry to foreign markets that has strong local coffee culture. The company is still in its stage of assessing the right strategy to enter markets like Italy. Since it is struggling on its food and non food items, the competition in this market will be difficult due to the existence of anti-globalization movement and strong national responsiveness of local consumers to its own products. Minor Problems: Specified Target Audience Starbucks used the â€Å"Youth appeal† as a strategy to enter foreign markets and gained success, but in the home market attracting the next generation of customers seems to be an issue. The result of the market study made the company aware about the image that it has with its target customers. Younger coffee drinkers can’t afford to buy coffee at Starbucks or the reason they go there is not mainly because of coffee or its products but their peers working. The value associated with brand at some point doesn’t convince the young people in embracing the brand itself. It depicts a pretentious environment for social climbers or yuppies. Aside from trying to reach a specific target market, the company eventually ended up in different markets as it grows rapidly. Venture to Food and Non food items To keep up with competition and increase sales, Starbucks should not solely rely on coffee as its main product but other products they can take advantage of as well. As Starbucks wants to continually increase sales, it started offering food and other non food items to sell inside their stores during the late 90’s but it seems to be a challenge because it still struggles in this area. The company started offering sandwiches and desserts, CD’s and packaged coffees but growth rate doesn’t seem to rise. The company still has to work on the right approach as it continues to improve in this area. III. Solutions: A. Employee Discontent Employees are very important in the success of any company. They are considered as the first customer in every business. Satisfying employee needs is essential so that the company can achieve its goals and deliver proper service. Starbucks needs to be sensitive to their employee needs. They must equally match the compensation to the workload of the employees. Since the company is also going global, there are challenges in human resource that they need to focus on. They have to be aware of the employees’ local culture and needs to satisfy them. They should also conduct a survey internally to be aware about the employees’ needs, wants and feelings towards the company. This will help them properly design employee compensation and benefits. There will be adaptation towards the company’s approach in managing employees in overseas branches. They should take into consideration the legal environment of each local branch so that they can address specific needs and concerns as they manage the business across different cultures. Happy and satisfied employees will result to quality in service and products. B. Local Challenges in Foreign Market Entry Starbucks should conduct marketing research and environmental scanning as it enters foreign markets. They have to take into account the importance of economic and political environment and how it can greatly influence the operation of its business. They should be aware of the economic situation of the market and assess how it can affect the purchasing power of the market. They must be aware of the legal factors that would affect the way it operates its business overseas. They should also conduct a different marketing strategy for different markets since one strategy in one market will not guarantee the success in another. There will be adaptation in marketing approach and local operations to cope up with the foreign market’s needs and external environment. C. Specific Target Audience Since the company intended to reach a specific target market, it ended up catering to different markets as it grows rapidly. As they continually use the â€Å"Youth Appeal† because it gained success as they enter foreign markets, it cannot still be considered as a global strategy to enter the market to other countries. Starbucks should make a study about coffee culture before it enters the market and formulate a strategy that would simply meet the demands of the potential market. They should carefully position the brand in accordance to what they want the market to perceive. As with the case of Starbucks to its home market, the brand was associated with being pretentious. They should associate positive and sophisticated value with the brand. D. Venture to Food and Non Food Items Limitation to product choices restricted the business growth of Starbucks and there is a tendency that customers might get bored and switch to other others. As Starbucks is going abroad they should not focus only to their core products but also find ways on how to improve the quality of their coffee, the services and their environment. This will be very helpful especially if they want to capture the market in France and Italy. They can also venture into bringing some new products especially food and non food items to its menu that would help fulfil the current and local demand of the market. IV. Recommendations A. Employee Discontent * Employee Survey Starbucks needs to conduct an internal employee survey to know the needs of their employees and what makes them content. They should also initiate personality test to all employees especially with their branches abroad. This may be costly but if the results will be interpreted in the right way then the company could address the needs of the employees. This will also help them manage human resource despite the difference in culture and will help them appropriately design compensation and benefits to the employees. * Corporate Communication of Company Vision and Mission Since the employees feel less connected with company mission, Starbucks should promote awareness within the employees about the company’s Vision and Mission. This will make the value the corporate values set by the company. The importance of achieving the company Vision as it delivers quality service and product. This will make them brand hearted and will have this sense of connection with the mission of the company. B. Local challenges to Foreign Market Entry * In-depth Marketing Research and Environmental Scanning The company should be knowledgeable to all the factors in Macro and Micro Environment that could affect, influence and help them in their business operations. The company should always be updated with the data so that they could be prepared with the changes that may happen. Domestically designed Marketing Mix To avoid the errors to Ethnocentrism, the company should adapt to local cultures and needs of their foreign market. They should be able to use the approach as they communicate with their customers while implementing their market strategies. As for the case in France and Italy, the company should also create products that would suite the local taste of the market and recognize the market’s own unique culture. C. Specified Target Audience * Marketing Research Starbucks should be able to properly address the demands of the local market they have in various countries. The company should not only focus one approach as it enters foreign markets. In some countries, â€Å"Youth appeal† worked, but in other countries the target market of Starbucks are adults. They have to sensitive with the target market that they serve in every country because for some Starbucks is unaffordable and pretentious. They should know more about what attracts the local market, purchasing power, buying behaviour. In other countries, pricing is not a barrier but they are more on value, ambience and status. Others are more on practicality and benefits. D. Venture to Food and Non Food Items * Adaptation to local culture, demands and tastes Starbucks should introduce new products either food or non food items that would cater to the local demands of the market. They should blend with the local taste of the market. They could also recognize the culture of the market and include it on its menu. One example is in Italy, they could launch one product like a local espresso as part of the menu so that local customers would feel that it’s not just an American coffee, Starbucks are also sensitive to their local taste. How to cite Starbucks Going Global, Essay examples

Analyses Significance of Legislation †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Analyses Significance of Legislation. Answer: Introduction: Through the Wages Protection Act, 1983, the manner in which wages have to be paid is provided and this legislation also safeguards from any kind of unlawful deductions from the wages. This discussion analyses the significance of this legislation for HR managers. For the HR managers, it is crucial that they pay proper attention and give proper consideration to this legislation. This is because this act provides the deductions which can be made by the employers from the pay. For instance, the employers can make deductions when these are specifically required by the law, in terms of child support, student loan repayment and for PAYE tax. Where the employer takes money from the pay of employee without getting their written consent, given in a free manner, the employee has the option of taking action in Employment Relations Agency for getting their money back. There is a limitation period on this, which is of six years (Employment New Zealand, 2018a). This act also provides provisions for the recovery of overpayments by employers, recovery of wages by employees, wages payable in money, agreements regarding payments of wages, and provision in collective agreements amongst the other things (Employment New Zealand, 2018b). The HR managers have to take specific note of these provisions in order to steer clear from chances of breaching the provisions of this act. This legislation makes it a tough task for the employers to deduct the wages of employees (Sharman, 2013). Thus, due to the detailed provisions covered under the Wages Protection Act, there is a need for the HR managers to strictly comply with this legislation, so that they can avoid any wrongful deductions from wages of employees, which could prove costly for them. References Employment New Zealand. (2018a). Deductions. Retrieved from: https://www.employment.govt.nz/hours-and-wages/pay/deductions/ Employment New Zealand. (2018b). Wages Protection Act 1983. Retrieved from: https://www.employmentrelations.co.nz/Our+Expertise/Employment+Law1/Wages+Protection.html Sharman, J. (2013). Can you deduct from an employees wage? Its not as easy as you may think. Retrieved from: https://www.heskethhenry.co.nz/Articles/x_post/can-you-deduct-from-an-employees-wage-its-not-as-easy-as-you-may-think-00007.html